Oil Painting Reproductions Biography
(Source google.com)
Marine art or maritime art is any form of figurative art (that is, painting, drawing, printmaking and sculpture) that portrays or draws its main inspiration from the sea. Maritime painting is a genre that depicts ships and the sea—a genre particularly strong from the 17th to 19th centuries. In practice the term often covers art showing shipping on rivers and estuaries, beach scenes and all art showing boats, without any rigid distinction - for practical reasons subjects that can be drawn or painted from dry land in fact feature strongly in thegenre. Strictly speaking "maritime art" should always include some element of human seafaring, whereas "marine art" would also include pure seascapes with no human element, though this distinction may not be observed in practice. Ships and boats have been included in art from almost the earliest times, but marine art only began to become a distinct genre, with specialized artists, towards the end of the Middle Ages, mostly in the form of the "ship portrait" a type of work that is still popular and concentrates on depicting a single vessel. As landscape art emerged during the Renaissance, what might be called the marine landscape became a more important element in works, but pure seascapes were rare until later. Marine painting was a major genre withinDutch Golden Age painting, reflecting the importance of overseas trade and naval power to the Dutch Republic, and saw the first career marine artists, who painted little else. In this, as in much else, specialist and traditional marine painting has largely continued Dutch conventions to the present day. WithRomantic art, the sea and the coast was reclaimed from the specialists by many landscape painters, and works including no vessels became common for the first time. Vessels on the water have featured in art from the earliest times. The earliest known works are petroglyphs from 12,000 BCE showing reed boats in the Gobustan Petroglyph Reserve in modern Azerbaijan, which was then on the edge of the much larger Caspian Sea. Both men and gods are shown on river "barges" in Ancient Egyptian art; these boats were made of papyrus reed for most uses, but the vessels used by the pharaohs were of costly imported cedar wood, like the 43.6 m (143 ft) long and 5.9 m (19.5 ft) wide Khufu ship of c. 2,500. Nilotic landscapes in fresco in Egyptian tombs often show scenes of hunting birds from boats in the Nile delta, andgrave goods include detailed models of boats and their crews for use in the afterlife.
Ships sometimes appear in Ancient Greek vase painting, especially when relevant in a narrative context, and also on coins and other contexts, though with little attempt at a seascape setting. As in Egyptian painting, the surface of the water may be indicated by a series of parallel wavy lines. Ancient Roman painting, presumably drawing on Greek traditions, very often shows landscape views from the land across a lake or bay with distant land on the horizon, as in the famous "Ulysses" paintings in the Vatican Museums. The water is usually calm, and objects that are submerged, or partly so, may be shown through the water. The large Nile mosaic of Palestrina (1st century BCE) is a version of such compositions, with a view intended to show all the course of the river. From Late Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages marine subjects were shown when required for narrative purposes, but did not form a genre in the West, or in Asian ink painting traditions, where a river with a small boat or two was a standard component of scholar landscapes. Marine highlights in Medieval art include the 11th century Bayeux Tapestry showing the Norman Invasion of England. From the 12th century onwards, seals of ports often featured a "ship portrait". The ship functioned as an image of the church, as in Giotto's lost Navicella above the entrance to Old St Peter's in Rome, but such representations are of relatively little interest from the purely marine point of view.
A distinct tradition begins to re-emerge in Early Netherlandish painting, with two lost miniatures in the Turin-Milan Hours, probably by Jan van Eyck in about 1420, showing a huge leap in the depiction of the sea and its weather. Of the seashore scene called The Prayer on the Shore (or Duke William of Bavaria at the Seashore, the Sovereign's prayeretc.) Kenneth Clark says: "The figures in the foreground are in the chivalric style of the de Limbourgs; but the sea shore beyond them is completely outside the fifteenth-century range of responsiveness, and we see nothing like it again until Jacob van Ruisdael's beach-scenes of the mid-17th century." There was also a true seascape, the Voyage of St Julian & St Martha, but both pages were destroyed in a fire in 1904, and only survive in black and white photographs. For the rest of the 15th century illuminated manuscript painting was the main medium of marine painting, and in France and Burgundy in particular many artists became skilled in increasingly realistic depictions of both seas and ships, used in illustrations of wars, romances and court life, as well as religious scenes. Scenes of small pleasure boats on rivers sometimes feature in the calendar miniatures from books of hours by artists such as Simon Bening.
During the Gothic period the nef, a large piece of goldsmith's work in the shape of a ship, used for holding cutlery, salt or spices, became popular among the grand. Initially just consisting of the "hull", from the 15th century the most elaborate had masts, sails and even crew. As the exotic nautilus shell began to reach Europe, many used these for their hull, like the Burghley Nef of about 1528. Lower down the social scale, interest in shipping was reflected in many early prints of ships. The earliest are by Master W with the Key, who produced several engravings of ships; for some time such "ship portraits" were confined to prints and drawings, and typically showed the ship with no crew, even if under sail. They also usually anticipated the low horizon that painting would not achieve until the 17th century. The first print of a naval battle is an enormous (548 x 800 mm) woodcut of the Battle of Zonchio in 1499 between the Venetians and the Turks. The only surviving impression is coloured with stencils; most were probably pasted onto walls. The earliest comparable painting to survive comes from several decades later.
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
Oil Painting Reproductions Pintings of Nature Abstract on Canvas for Kids Scenes Love Beauty and Environment Wallpapers Easy Scenery
No comments:
Post a Comment